Ecology of La Crosse Home Page | pre-1842 | 1842-1890 | 1890-1960

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Notes & Image Credits    (« Prev)

Page 1: Introduction

  1. La Crosse Area, UW-La Crosse: Your Distinct Choice, http://www.uwlax.edu/Admissions/ (accessed 12 December 2008).
  2. Jibby 7, Grandad Bluff Vista 002, 2008, Flickr, http://flickr.com/photos/jibby7/2935529061/ (accessed December 14, 2008).
  3. Lucile M. Kane, June D. Holmquist and Carolyn Gilman, eds., The Northern Expedition of Stephen H. Long: The Journals of 1817 and 1823 and Related Documents (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1978), 55.

Page 2: La Crosse Environment

  1. Jodie O'Gorman, The Filler Site, vol. 2 of The Tremaine Site Complex: Oneota Occupation in the La Crosse Locality, Wisconsin (State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1994)
  2. The Wisconsin Cartographer’s Guild. “Ice Age in Wisconsin” and “Wisconsin Glaciation” (images). Wisconsin’s Past and Present: A Historical Atlas. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 37.
  3. The Wisconsin Cartographer’s Guild. “Vegetation Cover, Circa 1840” (image). Wisconsin’s Past and Present: A Historical Atlas. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 40.
  4. Robert W. Finley, Original Vegetation Cover of Wisconsin: Compiled from U.S. General Land Office Notes (St. Paul, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1976)

Page 3: Early Inhabitants

  1. Atlatl 101, Youtube.com Video, www.youtube.com/watch?v=opL3EL3Ty2Y
  2. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Paleo Tradition,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/preeuropean people/earlycultures/paleo_tradition.html (accessed December 1, 2008).
  3. Robert F. Boszhardt and James L. Theler, Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003) 60.
  4. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Archaic Tradition,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/preeuropean people/earlycultures/archaic_tradition.html (accessed December 1, 2008).
  5. Robert F. Boszhardt and James L. Theler, Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003) 70.
  6. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Woodland Tradition,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/preeuropean people/earlycultures/woodland_tradition.html (accessed December 1, 2008).
  7. Robert F. Boszhardt and James L. Theler, Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003) 100.

Page 4: Woodland-Oneota Transition

  1. J.L. Theler and R. F. Boszhardt. "Collapse of Crucial Resources and Culture Change: A Model for the Woodland to Oneota Transformation in the Upper Midwest. In American Antiquity, 71(3), 2006: 433-472.
  2. Tainter Cave Scene Detail, Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.
  3. Tainter Cave Scene, Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.

Page 5: Oneota Subsistence

  1. Bison Scapula Hoe. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, “Native American Herb and Vegetable Garden Tools,” www.uwlax.edu/ mvac/Research/IntroGarden.htm (accessed December 1, 2008).
  2. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Mississippian and Oneota Traditions,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/PreEuropeanPeople/EarlyCultures/miss_tools.htm (accessed December 1, 2008)
  3. Bison Petroglyph, Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.
  4. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center at the University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, “Three Sisters,” Photo Compilation, http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/Research/ThreeSisters.htm (accessed December 1, 2008)
  5. Steve Kitchen, Flint Knapping Demonstration at the Wayne County Historical Society, Youtube.com Video, www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UqaRNVyxX4

Page 6: Oneota Society & Lifestyle

  1. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Mississippian and Oneota Traditions,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/preeuropeanpeople/earlycultures/mississippi_tradition.html (accessed December 1, 2008)
  2. Marshall McKusick, The Grant Oneota Village (Office of State Archaeologist, 1973), 116.
  3. Marshall McKusick, The Grant Oneota Village (Office of State Archaeologist, 1973), 104.
  4. 10 gallon pot used in an Oneota home. Mississippi Valley Archaeology Center, “Early Cultures: Pre-European Peoples of Wisconsin – Mississippian and Oneota Traditions,” http://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/preeuropeanpeople/earlycultures/miss_oneota.html (accessed December 1, 2008)

Page 7: The Ho-Chunk

  1. Seth Eastman, Winnebago Wigwam, 1852, Wisconsin Historical Society (WHi 10001).
  2. Chuck Walker, Ready to be picked, 2007, Flickr, http://flickr.com/photos/cwalker71/1227683846/ (accessed December 1, 2008).
  3. Alphonse Gerend, Drying Squash, ca.1920, Wisconsin Historical Society (WHi 45759).
  4. Alphonse Gerend, Corn Harvest, ca.1920, Wisconsin Historical Society (WHi 45750).
  5. James Otto Lewis, "Wa-Kaun," The Aboriginal Portfolio, (Philadelphia: J.O. Lewis, 1835).
  6. Steven D. Hoelscher, Picturing Indians: Photographic Encounters and Tourist Fantasies in H.H Bennett’s Wisconsin Dells (The University of Wisconsin Press, 2008), 66.
  7. James Otto Lewis, "Wadt-he-doo-kaana," The Aboriginal Portfolio, (Philadelphia: J.O. Lewis, 1835).
  8. Steven D. Hoelscher, Picturing Indians: Photographic Encounters and Tourist Fantasies in H.H Bennett’s Wisconsin Dells (The University of Wisconsin Press, 2008), 74.
  9. James Otto Lewis, "Waa-kaun-see-kaa," The Aboriginal Portfolio, (Philadelphia: J.O. Lewis, 1835).

Page 8: European Visitors

  1. The Wisconsin Cartographer’s Guild. “Trade Corridor, 1760’s” (image). Wisconsin’s Past and Present: A Historical Atlas. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 4.
  2. French Fur Traders at La Baye, Wisconsin Historical Society, http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=60960&qstring=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ewisconsinhistory%2Eorg%2Fwhi%2Fresults%2Easp%3Fsearch%5Ftype%3Dbasic%26keyword1%3Dfur%2Btraders (accessed December 1, 2008)
  3. Major Stephen H. Long, Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of St. Anthony in 1817 (Philadelphia, 1860).
  4. The Wisconsin Cartographer’s Guild. “U.S. Territories in the Future Wisconsin” (image). Wisconsin’s Past and Present: A Historical Atlas. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, 66.